BATTERY RENEWAL USING EDTA Milan Smrž
In the regular operation mode of the acid lead battery, but mainly due to the low discharge or wrongly-charged state, there occurs sulphatation- precipitation of insoluble lead sulphate.
Although the generation of lead sulphate and its dissolution is a regular part of charging and discharging lead accumulators - the sulphatation is a process of building new modification of lead sulphate with a low solubility. Both electrodes are covered with a thin layer of homogenous lead sulphate, which has big electric resistance and therefore diminishes the current flow.
It is said that this process is irreversible and it will be necessary to displace old batteries. This management is expensive and unecological.
In spite of the fact it seems the battery future probably lies in new battery systems (lithium polymer, or lithium phosphate) the lead batteries will due to their advantages remain an important segment of the battery market.
There are two methods for replacing the lead sulphate from electrode surface: 1. electrochemical method using pulse current 2. chemical method using EDTA
EDTA - etylendiaminotetraacetic acid, common laboratory chemical is possible to order by any chemical supplier. His toxicity for human, animal and plants is very low. Method description
· measure the battery voltage, if it is lower than 10.5 (for 12 V system), repairing the battery
· pour out all acid from the battery (attention - caustic - use protective glasses and glows),
the acid should be stored on a safe place
· fill the battery with distilled water and shake carefully (with a swing motion in the case of
bigger batteries, and pour out the water) with respect to the amount of impurities it will be necessary to repeat this step more times)
· measure the resistance of the totally empty battery – the resistance should be endless,
in the opposite case - if the battery has a finite resistance it means that these electrodes (+ and -) are short-circuited. If it is not possible to remove and clean the electrodes in a simple way, the battery cannot be use used any more.
· fill the battery with EDTA solution and leave it sit overnight –use one big spoon of EDTA
for one battery (it is necessary to solve this amount in distilled water
· the solution should look milky when you pour it out into another bucket
· you can repeat this step · rinse the battery more times with distilled water and then put back the old acid · use a hygrometer and check the density, dilution and water levels. If necessary add acid
Waste water treatment
Add solution made from of tap water and one big spoon of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, bleaching soda) into one litre of waste water from battery cleaning, stir well and leave it sediment for hours or days. Clean water can be poured out in the safe distance from water sources and/or playground for children and the sediment is to be sent to special toxic waste collection place. If this is not present it is necessary to create it with the help of local authorities also for destroyed batteries and other damage waste material.
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