Drug-Related Changes of Condition: Medications Associated with Falls* Abnormal Accidental Coordination Trauma/ Extremity Nerve Tendon Vascular Medication Dizziness Edema Discomfort Changes Syncope Changes Changes Vertigo Weakness Miscellaneous Antiarrhythmics Anticonvulsants Antidepressants – Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
N/S = Adverse effect was reported but the rate of occurrence was not specified. *The above table is not all-inclusive of agents that have been associated with falls. Copyright 2012, Omnicare, Inc. Drug-Related Changes of Condition: Falls Medications Associated with Falls* Abnormal Accidental Coordination Trauma/ Extremity Nerve Tendon Vascular Medication Dizziness Edema Discomfort Changes Syncope Changes Changes Vertigo Weakness Miscellaneous Antidepressants – Tricyclics Antidepressants – Miscellaneous Antidiabetics Antihistamines Antihypertensives – Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
N/S = Adverse effect was reported but the rate of occurrence was not specified. *The above table is not all-inclusive of agents that have been associated with falls. Copyright 2012, Omnicare, Inc. Drug-Related Changes of Condition: Falls Medications Associated with Falls* Abnormal Accidental Coordination Trauma/ Extremity Nerve Tendon Vascular Medication Dizziness Edema Discomfort Changes Syncope Changes Changes Vertigo Weakness Miscellaneous Antihypertensives – Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (continued) Antihypertensives – Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Antihypertensives – ß-Blockers Antihypertensives – Calcium Channel Blockers
N/S = Adverse effect was reported but the rate of occurrence was not specified. *The above table is not all-inclusive of agents that have been associated with falls. Copyright 2012, Omnicare, Inc. Drug-Related Changes of Condition: Falls Medications Associated with Falls* Abnormal Accidental Coordination Trauma/ Extremity Nerve Tendon Vascular Medication Dizziness Edema Discomfort Changes Syncope Changes Changes Vertigo Weakness Miscellaneous Antihypertensives – Diuretics Antihypertensives – Miscellaneous Anti-Infectives
N/S = Adverse effect was reported but the rate of occurrence was not specified. *The above table is not all-inclusive of agents that have been associated with falls. Copyright 2012, Omnicare, Inc. Drug-Related Changes of Condition: Falls Medications Associated with Falls* Abnormal Accidental Coordination Trauma/ Extremity Nerve Tendon Vascular Medication Dizziness Edema Discomfort Changes Syncope Changes Changes Vertigo Weakness Miscellaneous Anti-Infectives (continued) Antiparkinsonians Antipsychotics – Atypicals Antipsychotics – Typicals
N/S = Adverse effect was reported but the rate of occurrence was not specified. *The above table is not all-inclusive of agents that have been associated with falls. Copyright 2012, Omnicare, Inc. Drug-Related Changes of Condition: Falls Medications Associated with Falls* Abnormal Accidental Coordination Trauma/ Extremity Nerve Tendon Vascular Medication Dizziness Edema Discomfort Changes Syncope Changes Changes Vertigo Weakness Miscellaneous Anxiolytics Corticosteroids Dementia Medications Gastrointestinal – H2-Receptor Antagonists Gastrointestinal – Proton Pump Inhibitors Hormonal Agents
N/S = Adverse effect was reported but the rate of occurrence was not specified. *The above table is not all-inclusive of agents that have been associated with falls. Copyright 2012, Omnicare, Inc. Drug-Related Changes of Condition: Falls Medications Associated with Falls* Abnormal Accidental Coordination Trauma/ Extremity Nerve Tendon Vascular Medication Dizziness Edema Discomfort Changes Syncope Changes Changes Vertigo Weakness Miscellaneous Hormonal Agents (continued) Lipid-Lowering Agents Migraine Medications
5-9% <1% <1% <1% ≤2% 3-9% Hyperkinesia <1%
Muscle Relaxants Nitrates/Anti-Anginals
N/S = Adverse effect was reported but the rate of occurrence was not specified. *The above table is not all-inclusive of agents that have been associated with falls. Copyright 2012, Omnicare, Inc. Drug-Related Changes of Condition: Falls Medications Associated with Falls* Abnormal Accidental Coordination Trauma/ Extremity Nerve Tendon Vascular Medication Dizziness Edema Discomfort Changes Syncope Changes Changes Vertigo Weakness Miscellaneous Nitrates/Anti-Anginals (continued) Osteoporosis Medications Pain Medications
2-16% 2% 0.1-2% 0.1-2% <0.1% 0.1-2% <0.1% 0.1-2% 0.1-2%
Respiratory Medications Sedatives/Hypnotics
N/S = Adverse effect was reported but the rate of occurrence was not specified. *The above table is not all-inclusive of agents that have been associated with falls. Copyright 2012, Omnicare, Inc. Drug-Related Changes of Condition: Falls Medications Associated with Falls* Abnormal Accidental Coordination Trauma/ Extremity Nerve Tendon Vascular Medication Dizziness Edema Discomfort Changes Syncope Changes Changes Vertigo Weakness Miscellaneous Sedatives/Hypnotics (continued) Urinary Incontinence Medications Miscellaneous Medications
N/S = Adverse effect was reported but the rate of occurrence was not specified. *The above table is not all-inclusive of agents that have been associated with falls. Copyright 2012, Omnicare, Inc. Drug-Related Changes of Condition: Falls Medications Associated with Falls* Abnormal Accidental Coordination Trauma/ Extremity Nerve Tendon Vascular Medication Dizziness Edema Discomfort Changes Syncope Changes Changes Vertigo Weakness Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Medications (continued)
N/S = Adverse effect was reported but the rate of occurrence was not specified. *The above table is not all-inclusive of agents that have been associated with falls. Similar to the article by R. Smith, some of the 12
Vascular changes include thrombophlebitis, venous
broad categories are further defined as follows:
thrombus and thromboembolic events. This category should be viewed as a sign of a more serious event than
• Abnormal coordination/gait identifies adverse effects that
interfere with the ability to keep one’s center of gravity
The weakness category includes both weakness and
within the pelvic area during normal ambulation.
• Dizziness is a sensation of unsteadiness accompanied by a
References:
feeling of movement within the head.
Package Inserts obtained at various commercial Web sites and from Drugs@FDA. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/. Accessed
• Edema is an abnormal excess accumulation of serous fluid in
connective tissue that, when occuring in the lower extremi-
Clinical Pharmacology Online. Available at: http://www.clinicalpharmacology.
ties, may cause a patient to choose inappropriate footwear.
com. Accessed 7/17/09. Lexi-Comp Online. Available at: http://online.lexi.com/crlsql/servlet/crlonline.
• Lower-extremity discomfort is localized physical suffering,
such as pain, cramps and claudication.
French, D.; Campbell, R.; Spehar, A.; et al. Drugs and falls in community-dwelling older people: a national veterans study. Clin. Ther. 28:619-30; 2006.
• Nerve changes include both neuropathy and paresthesia.
French, D.; Campbell, R.; Spehar, A.; et al. Outpatient medications and hip fractures in the U.S. — a national veterans study. Drugs Aging 22:877-85; 2005.
Syncope is defined as loss of consciousness resulting
Neutel, C.I.; Perry, S.; Maxwell, C. Medication use and risk of falls.
from insufficient blood flow to the brain. This category
Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 11:97-104; 2002. Smith, R. Fall-contributing adverse effects of the most frequently prescribed
includes fainting and orthostatic or postural hypotension.
drugs. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 93:42-50; 2003. Ziere, G.; Dieleman, J.P.; Hofman, A.; et al. Polypharmacy and falls in the middle
• Tendon changes include tendinitis, tenosynovitis, synovitis
age and elderly population. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 61:218-23; 2005. Copyright 2012, Omnicare, Inc.
Procaïne in de neuraaltherapie volgens Huneke. door Dr. med. J.D. Hahn-Godeffroyinternist, arts voor natuurgeneeskunde en farmacoloog een vertaling uit Freudenstädter Vorträge deel 16, uitgave 2002 Inleiding Neuraaltherapie is een regulerende therapie door middel van injecties met een locaal-anestheticum, waarbij ook behandelingen plaatsvinden van zogenaamde stoorvelden in het lichaam.