Microsoft word - radio soap outline-final.doc

CREATED BY JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC
HEALTH/CENTER FOR COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS.
DESIGN DOCUMENT
For a 26 Episode Radio Serial Drama Radio Drama Script Writing and Design
Document Workshop
Adama Makonnen Hotel
April 23 – 27, 2001
Table of Contents
Episode 2: Overpopulation and its Consequences (FP 1) Episode 3: What is FP and why is it important (FP 2) Episode 5: Who is Vulnerable to HIV/AIDS (HIV 2) Episode 6: Impact of not using FP (FP 3) Episode 7: Cultural barriers to using FP (FP 4) Episode 8: Technical Explanation of HIV/AIDS? (HIV 3) Episode 9: Need for Expert Advice (Both—but emphasis on FP; FP5) Episode 10: Contraceptives: Condom (also for HIV) (FP 6) Episode 12: Fear and Shame with HIV/AIDS (HIV 4) Episode 14: Contraceptives: Oral Contraceptive Episode 16: Need for Counseling and Informed Choice (FP 9) Episode 18: Contraceptives: Norplant (FP 11) Episode 19: HIV/AIDS and Marriage/Polygamy Episode 20: Care and Support of people with AIDS (HIV 7) Episode 21: Socio-economic Problems of HIV/AIDS (HIV 8) Episode 22: Myths and Rumors with FP (FP 12) Episode 24: Contraceptives: Tubal Ligation*. (FP 14) Episode 25: Benefits of Family Planning (FP 15) Design Team Members:
JHU/PCS, Ethiopia, Administrative Assistant 1. RATIONALE

Ethiopia is located in the Eastern Horn of Africa. The country has adopted the principles
of decentralized governance based on federalism as of May 1991. Health Care Reform
(HCR) has taken place instituting a four-tier health system with health offices at region,
zone and district levels. The country has been organized into nine regions and two city
administrations. Each region has its own Regional Health Bureau, Zonal Health
Departments (ZHD), and District Health Office (DHO).
The current population of Ethiopia is estimated at about 60 million, with an average
growth rate of 2.9% per year. The Ethiopian Reproductive Health Communication
Project (ERHCP) is a four-year Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
initiative in Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Services. The ERHCP is part of the USAID
supported Essential Services for Health in Ethiopia (ESHE). The Ethiopia National
Office of Population (NOP) implements the project with technical assistance from Johns
Hopkins University Population Communication Services (JHU/PCS). Specifically, the
ERHCP aims to:
• Improve the quality and overall effectiveness of behavior change communication
interventions and reproductive health IEC materials through increased technical capacity of collaborating partners. • Improve the interpersonal counseling and communication skills of public and private sector health professionals in promoting and delivering reproductive health services. • In partnership with NOP, the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Consortium of Family Planning NGOs (COFAP) JHU/PCS will strengthen local capacity to implement comprehensive behavior change communication projects and produce high quality IEC materials about Family Planning and HIV/AIDS. As well as a population problem, Ethiopia is facing a soaring epidemic of HIV/AIDS
with an estimated adult prevalence of 7.4%. Though transmission is high, based on the
current Ethiopia Demography and Health Survey (DHS), about 95.5% men and 85%
women aged 15-59 and 15-49 respectively, know what HIV/AIDS is and how it is
transmitted.
The planned radio programmes will assist in providing education about modern family
planning methods and about the need for everyone to be aware of the dangers of
HIV/AIDS and how to avoid it.
2.
AUDIENCE
The primary audience for this radio series will be married couples (primarily urban) in
the age range of 19 –30.
Audience Profiles with regard to the major topics:
HIV/AIDS. Causes of current problems:
Unsafe sex
Cultural factors
Not having open discussion about sex (taboo)
Unsafe blood transmission
Not having blood test for HIV/AIDS before marriage
Exclusion from the community of those who have HIV/AIDS
Prostitution
Those causes can be removed by:
Abstinence
Being faithful
Using condoms
IEC intervention
Change of attitude from “it won’t happen to me” to “everyone is vulnerable”
Change Agents include:
People (Iddir, Religions Leaders, Community Opinion Leaders, HIV/AIDS Victims)
Emotion (Feelings of fear, not wanting disintegration of families; etc.)
FAMILY PLANNING. Causes of current behavior:
Religion
Fear of infertility (rumors)
Fear of diseases
Some want to use family planning, but services not available
Cultural barriers against women
Preference for balance of male and female children
Negligence
Polygamy
These problems can be removed
(cannot change cultural practices very quickly)
Use religious/prominent (polygamy) figures
Provide more information
Use testimonies of those who benefit from family planning
Improve family planning infrastructure
Encourage male participation in family planning
Improve status of females
Show Benefits/Rewards:
Improved economic status Education for children Health for mother and baby More attention for children JUSTIFICATION OF THE MEDIUM-RADIO
Advantages of Radio: Reaches many people Illiterate people can listen Inexpensive Portable (people can listen in many places) People can work and listen Radio engages the imagination The main disadvantage of radio is that it cannot SHOW important matters; it will be necessary to have some accompanying print materials MEASURABLE OBJECTIVES FOR THE SERIAL AS A WHOLE
For Family Planning: There will be an increase in the number of married couples who: - Believe that spacing children at least two years apart is important - Practice family planning - Have correct knowledge about family planning methods - Have (plan to have) small family - Seek knowledge and counseling on FP from recognized health providers There will a decrease in the number of couples who: - Believe in myths about family planning rumors (NOTE: Better health service provision related to FP will be demonstrated throughout the story.) For HIV/AIDS: There will be increase in the number of audience members who: - Abstain before marriage and remain faithful in marriage - Have correct knowledge about dangers of HIV/AIDS and how it is transmitted - Communicate with their partner about the importance of protection against - Use condoms if they cannot abstain or remain faithful - Treat those who already have HIV/AIDS with greater understanding and THE OVERALL PURPOSES OF THE SERIAL
- The purposes of this serial are: - To educate the audience about the types of FP available and about the benefits - To dispel myths and rumors about FP. - To motivate the audience to realize that FP is the most important way they can improve their own lives, the lives of their families and the quality of the life throughout Ethiopia. - To educate the audience about the seriousness of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Ethiopia and that everyone can be vulnerable to the HIV/AIDS virus. - To persuade the audience that they can and must protect themselves and - To motivate the audience to take the necessary steps to protect themselves and - To encourage the audience to treat people living with HIV/AIDS with THE OVERALL MESSAGE OF THE SERIES AND THE EMOTIONAL
FOCUS OF THE SERIAL
The main message is YICHALAL (It is possible) meaning that it is possible for people in Ethiopia to improve their quality of life by planning their families and it is
possible to control the epidemic of HIV/AIDS by taking appropriate measures to control
the spread of the disease.
Emotional Focus:
The emotional focus of the series will be a feeling of confidence that determining one’s
own family size and protecting oneself from HIV/AIDS are things that can be achieved
by all.
The series also should evoke a sense of trust in health workers as the ones who can
provide necessary guidance and information on family planning and HIV/AIDS.
7.
NUMBER OF EPISODES IN THE SERIAL
There will be 26 episodes in the serial, which will allow for 6 months of broadcasting
at the rate of one episode a week.
8.
THE DURATION OF EACH EPISODE
Each episode will be 20 minutes in length.
9.
THE MESSAGE SCOPE AND SEQUENCE
The two main messages of the series are Family Planning and HIV/AIDS (with the stronger emphasis on Family Planning). These messages will be spread throughout the series in the following sequence: Episode 1: General Introduction of Story and Characters Episode 2: Overpopulation and its Consequences (FP 1) Episode 3: What is FP and why is it important (FP 2) Episode 4: Transmission of HIV/AIDS (HIV 1) Episode 5: Who is Vulnerable to HIV/AIDS (HIV 2) Episode 6: Impact of not using FP (FP 3) Episode 7: Cultural barriers to using FP (FP 4) Episode 8: Technical Explanation of HIV/AIDS? (HIV 3) Episode 9: Need for Expert Advice (Both—but emphasis on FP; FP5) Episode 10: Contraceptives: Condom (also for HIV) (FP 6) Episode 11: General story development Episode 12: Fear and Shame with HIV/AIDS (HIV 4) Episode 13: Preventing HIV/AIDS (HIV 5) Episode 14: Contraceptives: Oral Contraceptive Pills (FP 7) Episode 15: Contraceptives: Injection (FP 8) Episode 16: Need for Counseling and Informed Choice (FP 9) Episode 17: Contraceptives: IUCD (FP 10) Episode 18: Contraceptives: Norplant (FP 11) Episode 19: HIV/AIDS and Marriage/Polygamy (HIV 6) Episode 20: Care and Support of people with AIDS (HIV 7) Episode 21: Socio-economic Problems of HIV/AIDS (HIV 8) Episode 22: Myths and Rumors with FP (FP 12) Episode 23: Contraceptives: Vasectomy* (FP 13) Episode 24: Contraceptives: Tubal Ligation*. (FP 14)
Episode 25: Benefits of Family Planning (FP 15)
Episode 26: Story conclusion
10.
INDIVIDUAL EPISODE CONTENT
Individual Episode Objectives, Purposes and Content are outlined on the following pages. NOTES TO THE WRITER
It is important for the writer to ensure that all details of the message for each episode are included in the episode. The message should not be included as a block of information, but should be introduced into the story naturally and gradually and subtly. Please note also that the story should DEMONSTRATE: - men taking an active role in all family planning decisions health workers being friendly and helpful to their clients religious leaders (both Muslim and Christian) taking an active role in encouraging behavior that will prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS and in encouraging the use of modern contraceptives for Family Planning. religious leaders reinforcing the importance of girl children and gender equality girls and women being treated equally with boys and men ASTERISKS (*) Whenever an asterisk appears after a word or phrase in the Design Document, this is an indication that there is a special definition for that word in the Glossary. The Glossary begins on page 38, and the writer should ensure that the special definitions given in the glossary are used consistently in the scripts. Episode # __1___ Topic : General Story Introduction
This first episode will be used to introduce the audience to the main characters in the
various plots of the drama and arouse audience interest in the action of the story.
Episode # 2 Topic: Family Planning : The Consequences of Over-population*
# _1_ of __15___for the FP topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
The existing over-population* problem of Ethiopia and its consequences Discuss the problems with their friends and neighbors
Purposes: the purposes of this episode are:
To inform the audience about the existing problem of over-population* and its
consequences in Ethiopia.
To motivate the audience to learn about and use modern contraceptive methods.
Content:
• In our country, Ethiopia, over-population* has become a very crucial problem.
Nowadays the total population of Ethiopia is 60 million. The population increases almost 3% per annum. This high rate of population increment* has resulted in the following problems: • Social problems such as rural-urban migration and family disintegration • Besides these social problems, deforestation, farmland degradation*, erosion, flooding, and shortage of clean water occur in different parts of the country. As a result of these problems, droughts and shortage of food occur far too often, with devastating results. • If over-population* continues, as it is, there will be more danger to the lives of the Ethiopian people as food becomes shorter, deforestation gets worse and there is less and less space for family homes and farms. • Therefore, farmers, civil servants, political leaders, religious leaders, and in general, all the people of Ethiopia need to understand the dangers of over-population* and recognize that it can be alleviated by appropriate family planning and the use of modern contraceptives to avoid unwanted pregnancies. Episode # 3 Topic: Family Planning : What is FP and Why it is Important.
# _2 of __15___for the FP topic
Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
How to define what family planning is The importance of family planning Discuss with their friends the meaning and importance of family planning Plan to adopt family planning as a means of avoiding unwanted pregnancies and ensuring the security and happiness of their families ATTITUDE: Appreciative of the essential need for family planning and confident to
Purposes:
To explain family planning and its importance.
To persuade the audience to seek advice about appropriate family planning methods and
to adopt a suitable method.
Content
• Ethiopia has serious problems with over-population*. These problems will increase and worsen rapidly unless all couples understand the importance of spacing and limiting their children. • A well-planned family is essential for health and happiness and quality of life. Too many families in Ethiopia today are suffering from economic and health problems because of unwanted pregnancies and too many children. • The modern family knows that the importance of “the four TOOS” in planning a family to ensure the health of the mother: - A woman should not have a baby when she is TOO YOUNG (under 18) - She should not have children TOO CLOSE TOGETHER (at least 2 years between one birth and the next conception) - She should not have TOO MANY children - She should not have children when she is TOO OLD (over 35) • Family planning allows couples to avoid the four TOOS and to decide the number of children they will have and when they will have them. • Family planning requires the use of modern contraceptives to space and limit births. • A couple should decide together, with the advice of a trained health provider, on the type of family planning method they wish to use. • Family planning is essential to reduce the risk of unwanted pregnancy. Family planning results in a healthier, happier and more secure family. • Couples can learn about all modern family planning methods and get counseling on the best method for their needs from a health clinic. Episode # 4 Topic: HIV/AIDS: How is HIV/AIDS transmitted?
# 1_of __8__for the HIV/AIDS topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
How HIV/AIDS is transmitted and how it is not transmitted Share correct information with others Protect themselves from HIV/AIDS infection
ATTITUDE: Confident that they can protect themselves from HIV/AIDS infection
Purpose: the purposes of this episode are:
To explain the means of HIV/AIDS transmission.
To encourage people to know they can protect themselves from HIV/AIDS and to take
appropriate steps to protect themselves.
Content:
• HIV/AIDS is a disease that is causing death and devastation throughout Ethiopia.
Everybody needs to know what HIV/AIDS is, how it is spread and how they can protect themselves from it. • Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused and spread by having sexual intercourse with an already infected person. A very common example is gonorrhea. • HIV/AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease (STD), transmitted by having sexual intercourse with an already infected partner. • HIV/AIDS is not only transmitted through sexual intercourse. It can be transmitted also through coming in contact with infected body fluids. These body fluids are blood, vaginal secretions, semen, and breast milk. • HIV/AIDS can be transmitted also through the following: Transfusion of unscreened and infected blood. An infected pregnant mother to her unborn child. - Sharing unsterilized sharp instruments such as razor blades, needles and syringes, shaving sticks, and knives which might have another person’s blood on them. • You can protect yourself from HIV/AIDS by abstaining from sex before marriage, and remaining faithful to your partner during marriage. The only other way to protect yourself from HIV/AIDS infection is the correct and consistent use of a condom during every sexual encounter. • You cannot contract HIV/AIDS by casual contact with an already infected person.
Such safe contacts include hugging, dancing, sitting next to someone, eating together or sharing utensils, bathing or swimming, sneezing, and insect bites. If you or any member of your family has HIV/AIDS, you can still live a normal health life together as a family. You can still show that you love and care if you protect yourselves wisely. Episode # ____5______ Topic: HIV/AIDS: Who can have HIV/AIDS ?
# _2__ of 8 for the HIV/AIDS topic
Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
HIV/AIDS can attack anyone who does not take proper precautions to protect themselves from it Everyone should understand HIV/AIDS and how it is spread and how it can be avoided Share their knowledge of HIV/AIDS vulnerability with others Take every precaution to protect themselves and members of their families from HIV/AIDS ATTITUDE: Be convinced of the fact that everyone is vulnerable to HIV/AIDS attack if they do not protect themselves, and feel compelled to ensure their own safety and that of all members of their families
Purposes:
To remind the audience that anyone in society can be vulnerable to HIV/AIDS.
To persuade the audience to realize that everybody must understand how HIV/AIDS is
spread and how to protect themselves from it.
Content
• HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease for which there is no cure. Everyone in the society should know that HIV is not age or color specific. HIV/AIDS can attack anyone who is not faithful to his or her partner; or who practices unsafe sex. Prostitutes, drug and alcohol users and those who use unsterilized injection needles are more vulnerable than others, but everyone should be aware of the need to understand HIV/AIDS and protect themselves from it. • Everyone should know how to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS infection and should know the importance of getting an HIV test before marriage or pregnancy. It is possible for one infected partner to pass the disease to the other. It is also possible for mothers to pass the virus* to their children during pregnancy, labor or breast-feeding. • The most effective ways to protect yourself from HIV/AIDS are: remaining faithful to your partner after marriage - or (if you cannot maintain these ideal standards) correctly and consistently using a • The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Ethiopia has reached very serious proportions. It is the responsibility of everyone in the country to understand how HIV/AIDS is spread and to maintain appropriate behavior that will protect themselves and others from the disease. Episode # __6___ Topic Family Planning: Impact of Not Using Modern
Contraceptive
# __3_ of __15__ for the FP topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
The negative outcomes of not using modern contraceptives Respect and encourage the use of modern contraceptives
ATTITUDE: Believe in the importance of modern FP methods
Purpose: the purposes of this episode are:
To increase the awareness of the audience about the problems that come from the failure
to use modern contraceptives.
To encourage the audience to believe in and practice family planning by using modern
contraceptives.
Content:
• Many couples find themselves in the situation of pregnancy when they did not plan
• Contraceptives are methods used to prevent unwanted pregnancy; and there are various methods of modern contraceptives. With the help of a trained health provider, couples can choose a method that suits them. • Using a modern contraceptive method can help couples avoid the following - a woman having children when her body is TOO YOUNG (under 18). A woman’s body is not sufficiently mature to have children safely until she is at least 18. - having children TOO CLOSE together (less than 2 –3 years apart). This has a negative effect on the health of the mother and children and on the ability of the family to support the children - having TOO MANY children (more than the couple can properly support with - a woman having children when her body is TOO OLD (0ver 35). Over the age of 35, a woman’s body is no longer strong enough to bear children safely. • Spacing and limiting the number of children allows everyone in the family to have a better quality of life. This means better health, education (for girls as well as boys), more leisure time for wife and husband and better financial security. • The man who cares about and wants to be proud of his wife and his children, will make sure that he discusses family planning with his wife and that they go together to the health clinic to find out the best method of family planning for them. Episode # __7___ Topic Family Planning: Cultural Barriers to the Use of Modern
Contraceptives
# __4_ of __15__ for the FP topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
Family planning is essential to overcome national and personal problems Cultural beliefs and attitudes can deter FP Share their newly gained knowledge with others Practice or plan to practice limiting their family size ATTITUDE: Confident about taking action to improve the quality of their family life by limiting family size and avoiding cultural barriers to modern behavior
Purpose: the purposes of this episode are:
To inform the audience how some cultural beliefs and attitudes impede FP practices.
To educate them about the advantages of FP.
Content:
• Modern couples in Ethiopia are already aware that having fewer children can lead to a
better quality of life for all family members. They are becoming increasingly interested in family planning. • But, there are many traditional believes and practices that discourage family planning. • Traditional proverbs such as “Having many children is blessing”; “A donkey relieves his burden when he delivers a baby”; or “A child grows by licking his mucus” are old proverbs that need to be reconsidered in the light of modern knowledge. • Deep-rooted attitudes like believing in multi-blood relations are also practices that should be discouraged. To strengthen the belief of having many male children in a family in the name of God without having adequate family income is a harmful practice to be avoided. It leads to the disintegration of the family. • The belief that it is important to have equal numbers of boy and girl children can be very destructive to family life. It is more important to have only the number of children you can truly afford to support and to realize that girl children are just as valuable as boys. • Modern families realize that traditional beliefs can be adapted in accordance with new knowledge as life moves forward. It is important to understand new developments in medical knowledge that allow couples to determine the size of their families and to keep children healthier. • Couples can get factual information on family planning and the best contraceptive for them from a trained health worker in a health clinic. Episode # 8 Topic: HIV/AIDS: What is HIV/AIDS?
# _3 of __8__for the HIV/AIDS topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
Share their knowledge of HIV/AIDS with others Take all necessary measures to protect themselves from this deadly virus* ATTITUDE: they will become confident of their knowledge and start to teach their family and friends about the dangers of HIV
Purpose: the purpose of this episode is:
To give detailed information about HIV/AIDS and how it affects the human body.
To encourage people to understand that HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease to which anyone
can be vulnerable.
Content:
• HIV is a kind of virus* that attacks the human immune system, which is the system
that protects the body from disease. In the immune system there are defense cells known as lymphocytes*. One type of lymphocyte* is T4* cell, which plays a key role in identifying germs that come in contact with our body. • When HIV virus* attaches to T4* cells, our body immune system (or defense mechanism) starts to be paralyzed. Once the immune system is paralyzed, the body can no longer defend itself from the invasion of other germs and viruses*. • At this point, the body starts to produce special antibodies to stop the spread of the HIV virus*. When this HIV antibody* exists and is detected in the blood through antibody* tests, the person is said to be HIV positive. • There is a small window of time when a person may have HIV but not test positive for the virus*. A person who has the HIV virus* may take some time to produce detectable antibodies, from a few weeks to several months. • As the immune system becomes more and more paralyzed, the person starts to get other infections. This condition is called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS. • A person who is HIV positive will have numerous types of HIV virus*, and that is why it is so difficult to find cure for HIV/AIDS. • Everyone is vulnerable to HIV attack on the immune system. The only way to be sure that you are safe from HIV is to be abstinent before marriage and remain faithful to your spouse when married. For people who do not have the strength to follow these ideal behaviors, the only other safe protection against the sexual spread of the disease is the correct use of a condom during every sexual encounter. Episode # ____9__ Topic FP: Need for Expert Advice on FP and Where to Find it
# ___5____ of 15
for the FP topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
The importance of getting expert counseling and advice when choosing a FP method Seek appropriate counseling and advice when choosing a FP Method ATTITUDE: Reassured that expert counseling and advice can help make the use of modern contraceptives safe and successful and confident that they can make the right choice with the help of an FP counselor.
Purposes:
To inform the audience of the need for expert counseling and advice for FP methods, and
where to find the services.
To encourage the audience to seek expert advice and counseling on Family Planning
matters.
Content
• Couples need to know about all family planning methods before choosing one. There are many modern FP methods available in Ethiopia. When a couple decides to use a modern FP method to control the size and spacing of their family, they will find it extremely helpful to seek counseling and advice from a trained health provider to assist them to make the right choice. • When a man and woman have decided which FP method they want to use, the health provider will advise them when they should make return visits to the clinic for their next family planning “treatment” (e.g. next injection) or in case they have any problems or questions. It is helpful for both husband and wife know when these visits should be, and go back to the clinic together as needed. • The health provider also will help the couple understand the possible side effects of using each contraceptive method. Just as there are changes in a woman’s body when she becomes pregnant, so there might be changes in her body when she uses a modern contraceptive method. The health provider will help the couple understand how to handle any possible side effects. • The only way to be absolutely sure that they will not have an unwanted pregnancy, is for a couple to use a modern contraceptive method with the guidance of a trained health worker. • Having a small family makes it easier to maintain quality of life for all family members. Quality of life includes good health, education (for girls as well as boys), sharing of family decision making, more leisure time for the mother as well as the father, and more financial security for everyone in the family. • Couples can learn from their local health facility where and when they should go to obtain the counseling and advice they need about modern family planning methods. Episode # ____10__ Topic Family Planning: CONDOM
# ___6____ of 15
for the FP topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
The importance of the condom as a contraceptive and as a protection against STDS and HIV/AIDS ATTITUDE: Reassured that the condom is a safe and reliable protector against unwanted pregnancy and against HIV/AIDS infection
Purposes:
To inform the audience of the importance and reliability of the condom as a means of
preventing unwanted pregnancy and as protection against STDs and HIV/AIDS.
To encourage the audience to make correct and consistent use of the condom if they
cannot agree to abstinence and fidelity in marriage or if they want to prevent unwanted
pregnancy.
Content
• Unwanted pregnancy is a major cause of concern, even with married couples. • Many couples mistakenly believe that they will not get pregnant if they do not want to, and yet every year thousands of couples find themselves pregnant with a child they did not expect or want at this time. • Modern methods of contraception are the surest way of protecting against unwanted pregnancy. One of the easiest and cheapest modern contraceptives is the condom. • The condom is worn by the man during sexual activity, and it prevents the male sperm from entering the woman’s body. Thus it prevents any chance of pregnancy. • The condom is a reliable form of contraceptive if used consistently and correctly. Instructions for the correct use of the condom can be found on the condom packet. Advice on correct use of the condom can also be obtained from a health clinic. • The condom is also the only form of contraceptive that protects against sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. • A married couple who want to guard against unwanted pregnancy should consider using a condom regularly or get advice from a health clinic about other forms of modern contraceptive that they might consider. • Unmarried people who engage in sexual activity should always use a condom to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy and from sexually transmitted diseases.
Episode #11 : General Story development.
This episode, which is roughly half way through the serial, can be used to further plot and
character development without the inclusion of any particular message.
Episode # ____12____ Topic: HIV/AIDS: Fear and Shame of HIV/AIDS
# ____4__ of 8 for the HIV/AIDS topic
Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
HIV/AIDS can affect anyone who does not know how to protect himself or herself Being afraid or ashamed of HIV does not protect you from it It is better to be tested and learn the truth than to be ashamed or afraid How to alleviate problems arising socially and psychologically in case of being found to be HIV positive Learn the facts about HIV/AIDS and where to go for testing Undergo HIV test willingly. Support and care for HIV positive people Compassion and caring towards HIV positive people
Purposes:
To remove the sense of fear and shame that surrounds HIV/AIDS infection.
To encourage people to have the confidence to learn about their HIV/AIDS status.
To encourage people to treat those who are HIV positive with care and compassion.
Content
• HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease. Until recently, there was shame and fear associated with HIV/AIDS. Now, people know that there are millions of people affected by the disease, so it is better to learn the truth than suffer fear and shame. • You can learn the truth about your HIV status by having an HIV blood test, together with appropriate counseling about the meaning of your status. This can help you plan your life and the lives of those you love. • The HIV/AIDS virus* takes a long time to show up outwardly in a person’s body. But even if there are no outward signs, the infected person can pass the disease to others. Even when there are no outward signs, however, you can learn your HIV/AIDS status by having a special blood test. • Responsible people, who care about their own lives and the lives of those they love take the trouble to learn their HIV status, so that –if they are positive—they can take appropriate steps to protect and care for those they love. It is much better to know the truth than to let fear and shame ruin your life and the lives of those you love. • Learning about your status can give you the opportunity to live life to the fullest even • People must learn that those who have HIV/AIDS can continue to live good lives, and can and should be treated kindly and lovingly by their families. Episode # _____13_____ Topic; HIV/AIDS: How to prevent and control
HIV/AIDS
# ___5__ of 8 for the HIV/AIDS topic
Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
The various methods of prevention and control of HIV/AIDS Take appropriate measures to protect themselves Encourage others to take appropriate measures to protect themselves
ATTITUDE: Feel the urgency of having everyone protect themselves from HIV/AIDS
Purposes:
To educate the audience about the means of prevention and control of HIV/AIDS.
To motivate the audience to protect themselves and others from HIV/AIDS infection.
Content
• In order to prevent/control HIV/AIDS, one should abstain from sexual activity before marriage. Even after marriage one should remain faithful to his/her partner. • Those who find these ideal standards impossible to meet must use a condom for every • Sharing sharp objects such as blades and injection needles is another means of transmission of HIV/AIDS. Avoid using shaving blades, knives or injection needles that have already been used by someone else, because they might have infected blood on them. • In the case of blood transfusion, be sure that the blood has been screened to ensure • HIV/AIDS is also transmitted from an infected mother to the fetus in her womb. So, if a woman knows that she is HIV positive, she should avoid pregnancy. • HIV/AIDS is not transmitted by hugging, eating together, sharing bathing or
swimming, sharing toilet, sneezing and insect bites. • Couples should learn to talk to each other about HIV/AIDS and about the importance of being tested for the infection before beginning a sexual relationship. • AIDS patients should not lose hope. They can lead a normal life for a considerable time if they maintain a balanced diet, receive appropriate medical attention from health centers, maintain a high level of cleanliness and hygiene and ensure that they do not infect anyone else. • Families and friends of AIDS patients should treat them with kindness and Episode # __14___ Topic Family Planning: Oral Contraceptive Pills*
# __7______ of _____15_____ for the FP topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
What the oral contraceptive pill* is and how it works That the oral contraceptive pill* is safe and reliable Plan to consider the pill* as a FP method if appropriate
ATTITUDE: Confident that the pill* is a very reliable contraceptive if taken properly
Purpose: the purposes of this episode are:
To increase awareness of oral contraceptive pills* as a reliable family planning method.
To encourage couples to consider using pills* as a contraceptive method.
Content:
• One of the modern methods of family planning is the contraceptive pill*.
• Oral contraceptive pills* are an ideal method for people who want to space the births
• The pill* is a tablet swallowed every day by the woman. The pill* comes in a plastic • Pills* are very reliable contraceptive if taken properly. Advice on correct use of the oral contraceptive pill* can be obtained from the health provider in a recognised clinic. • Pills* are not suitable for all women, so it is wise for couples to get advice and counseling from the health provider about which method is most suitable for them. • The health provider also will help the couple understand the possible side effects of using the oral contraceptive pill*. Just as there are changes in a woman’s body when she becomes pregnant, so there might be changes in her body when she uses a modern contraceptive method. The health provider will help the couple understand how to handle any possible side effects. • The health provider also will provide all other necessary guidance about using the Always get the pill* from a clinic or trained health worker Keep pills* and all medicines away from children. • Like all modern contraceptive methods, the pill* is safe and reliable of it is taken in accordance with the instructions given by a trained health provider. • Like all modern contraceptive methods, the oral pill* can help a couple to avoid unwanted pregnancies and have a much better quality of life. Episode # ___15_____ Topic: Family Planning: Injectable Contraceptive or the
# ___8____ of 15 for the FP topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
The importance of using modern contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy and control family size That the injectable is a modern long-term contraceptive Where to get advice and counseling on the injectable and other modern contraceptives Appreciate the importance of using modern contraceptives to avoid unwanted pregnancy and control family size Share with others their knowledge of the importance of having small Seek expert advice and counseling about the injectable as a form of contraceptive ATTITUDE: They will believe in the importance of a small family for an improved quality of life and feel confident to use the injectable as a contraceptive if it suits their needs
Purposes:
To reinforce in the audience the importance of avoiding unwanted pregnancy and
controlling family size.
To educate the audience about the injectable as a long-term contraceptive.
To motivate the audience to seek expert advice and counseling before adopting any
family planning method.
Content
• A well-planned family is essential for health and happiness and quality of life. Many families in Ethiopia today are suffering from economic and health problems because of unwanted pregnancies and too many children. • Any couple can find themselves with unwanted pregnancy unless they use a modern family planning method to prevent conception. • The injectable is one form of long-term contraception that a couple can consider so that they can space their children wisely. The injectable (or shot) is an injection of hormones* given to a women every two or three months. The injectable is also known as Depo-provera*. • The injection is given in the women’s arm or buttock. It slowly releases hormones* into her body. These hormones* stop ovulation* and make extra thick mucus in the cervix* which prevents sperm reaching the uterus. • The advantages of the injectable are: It is more than 99% effective when taken on schedule Doesn’t interfere with sexual activity • A couple should always seek expert guidance and counseling from a health provider before deciding to use the injectable. There are some women for whom it is not suitable. The health provider will give the couple all the information they need and advise them on possible side effects and how to treat them. The health provider will also advise the woman when she must return for her next injection. Episode # ____16______ Topic; Family Planning: Counseling and Informed
# _____9___ of
for the FP topic


Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
Why, how and where to go for counseling on Family Planning Make their own choice based on clear information and their feelings, situations and needs ATTITUDE: They will feel trust in modern contraceptive methods and convinced that using a modern contraceptive method is essential for a happy family life
Purposes:
To inform the audience about the importance of professional counseling while making a
family planning choice.
To encourage couples to go together for family planning counseling.
Content
• Modern couples know the importance of planning their family so that children are properly spaced and so that they do not have more children than they can afford. It is very important, therefore, that young married couples talk to each other about planning their family before they have any children, and that they go together for advice and counseling on modern contraceptive use. • Couples who want to use a family planning method should go to a trained health worker for guidance and counseling on how to choose the method that is best for them. • Talking about and determining family size is not something to be embarrassed about. Rather, couples should feel proud that they have set the foundation for a good quality of life by talking together about family size and learning together about modern contraceptive methods. • During counseling, the health workers will provide couples with all the knowledge they need about the available contraceptives. • The health worker is there to help couples make their own decisions about the number of children they want, how they want to space their children, and when they feel that their family is big enough and they would like to have no more children. • The health worker will ask if the couple themselves already have a preference for a particular method and then discuss the advantages and possible disadvantages of this method with them. • The health worker can also advise couples where the various types of contraceptive are available. Some methods—such as the IUCD* and Norplant must be inserted by health workers who are trained in these methods. • The health worker can also help the couple understand that, just as there are changes in a woman’s body when she becomes pregnant, so there might be changes in her body when she uses a contraceptive method. The health worker should advise the couple how to handle these side effects. • It is most important that couples realize that the health worker will encourage them to make their OWN decisions about the contraceptive method they would like to use. Episode # ____17______ Topic Family Planning: Intra-Urine Contraceptive
Device or IUCD*
# _____10____ of
15 for the FP topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
That the IUCD* (Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device) is a long-term modern contraceptive method with several advantages Share their knowledge of the IUCD* with others Plan to use the IUCD* as appropriate in their own lives ATTITUDE: Feel confident in choosing the IUCD* when they want a long-term
Purposes: The purposes of this episode are:
To educate and inform the audience about the benefits of IUCD* (intra-uterine
contraceptive device).
To encourage the audience to consider the IUCD* when they require a long-term
contraceptive method to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancies.
Content
• There are several forms of modern contraceptives available in Ethiopia. Some are temporary methods, some are long term methods and some are permanent. One of the very effective long-term methods is the IUCD* or intra-uterine contraceptive device. • Intra-Uterine means inside the uterus or womb. A device is an object or thing. An IUCD* is a piece of plastic about two centimeters long that is placed inside the uterus of a woman. When placed in the womb, IUCD* prevents the sperm from joining the egg. - Once it is inserted, it provides up to six years protection from unwanted - The woman does not need to go to the health center as often as she must for other • If a couple wants to have another child, the IUCD* can be removed and the woman • IUCD* doesn’t interfere with normal sexual activity. • If a couple needs information about the IUCD*, they should inquire from their local health center about places where IUCD* insertion can be done. • A couple should seek expert advice before using the IUCD*, because, as with all contraceptive methods, there are some women for whom it is not appropriate. It is also essential that the woman learns about possible mild side effects and how they should be treated. • Every couple in Ethiopia must understand that unwanted pregnancy can happen to anyone unless they protect themselves properly with a modern contraceptive method. • Unwanted pregnancies can ruin the happiness and health of a family. Episode # __18___ Topic: Family Planning: NORPLANT
# ____11__ of ___15______ for the FP topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
That Norplant is a new effective modern long-term family planning method Consider using Norplant when they are ready for a long-term Family Planning method Share information about Norplant with peers and friends ATTITUDE: Feel convinced that long-term FP methods are advantageous and feel confident to consider using Norplant when they want a long-term method
Purposes: the purposes of this episode are:
To educate the audience about Norplant and its advantages.
To encourage the audience to consider using Norplant as a long-term Family Planning
method.
Content:
• Modern men and women know that it is important not to have too many children, so
that they have the chance of a better quality of life. They also know that it is important to space the births of their children, so that the woman’s body has time to recover from pregnancy and stay healthy. In order to limit the number of children, or space the children appropriately, couples can choose a modern contraceptive method. • Without using appropriate contraceptives, any couple can find themselves with an • Norplant is a new, modern, reliable long-term contraceptive method. It protects a woman from getting pregnant for up to 5 years. Norplant is an excellent method of family planning for a couple who want to delay having more children, or for couples who think they do not want any more children, but do not want to have a permanent method (vasectomy* or tubal ligation*) right away. • The Norplant contraceptive is an implant and is usually inserted by a doctor in a hospital. It consists of 6 small capsules, the size of matchsticks. These small capsules are implanted under the skin of the woman’s inner arm, above the elbow. The doctor makes only a small cut in the skin of the woman’s arm and the capsules are inserted quickly and easily. Once they are in place, they become attached to the skin of the arm, so it impossible for them to move out of place. • The capsules are perfectly harmless and the woman is able to use her arm just as she always did. In a very short time, it is even impossible to see the implants in the arm. • The real advantage of Norplant implants is that they need to be changed only once in every 5 years. This means that the woman does not need to remember to take something every day—as she does with contraceptive pills*. And she does not need to go back to the health center regularly as she does with injections. She and her husband can enjoy life together knowing that they are protected from pregnancy for five years. • Should the couple decide they want to have another child during that five years that the implant is in place, the woman can easily have the implants removed at any time, so that she can become pregnant. • Norplant is a relatively new contraceptive, and your health provider will be able to tell you if and where it is available in your area. Episode # ___19___ Topic: HIV/AIDS: HIV/AIDS and marriage (including
polygamy)
# _____6___ of 8 for the HIV/AIDS topic
Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
The importance of receiving HIV/AIDS testing and counseling before marriage Be willing to undergo HIV testing before marriage Take blood test when they are going to marry ATTITUDE: Aware of the disadvantageous side effects of polygamy Feel confident that a blood test is must before any marriage
Purposes:
To explain to the audience that the practice of polygamy can be a serious means of
spreading the deadly HIV/AIDS virus.*
To persuade the audience that HIV/AIDS test before marriage is crucial for their future
life, and that the practice of polygamy has disadvantages.
Content
• HIV/AIDS is spread mainly through sexual activity. The virus* is spread from an infected person to an uninfected person during sexual activity. • A man who has more than one wife and is infected with HIV/AIDS can easily spread the disease to all his wives and to any of their children born after the wife becomes infected. • A man who has only one wife and is faithful to her can effectively protect himself, his • At the same time, having only one wife allows a man to limit the number of children he must support. The Koran reminds us that a man should not have more children than he can satisfactorily support. • If a couple has decided to marry, they should think about having an HIV/AIDS blood test before they marry to find out if either one of them is already infected with HIV/AIDS. If either partner is found to be HIV positive, they will have to decide if they want to go ahead with the marriage and avoid having children, or if they would prefer to call off the marriage. • Control: the best way to lead a safe life is abstain from sexual activity before marriage and remain faithful after marriage. • People who are sexually active before marriage, or who cannot be faithful after marriage must use a condom in all sexual encounters to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS infection. Episode # __20___ Topic: HIV/AIDS Care and Support for People Living with
HIV/AIDS (PLWH/AIDS)
# ______7___ of __8___ for the HIV/AIDS topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
And understand different problems that face PLWH/AIDS Take steps to care and support PLWH/AIDS ATTITUDE: The audience will have a compassionate feeling for rather than hating PLWH/AIDS and will be aware of the importance of caring for and supporting PLWH/AIDS
Purpose: the purposes of this episode are:
To educate the community about PLWH/AIDS.
To persuade people of the need of taking care of and giving loving support to
PLWH/AIDS.
Content:
• PLWH/AIDS need care and support from their families and society. But in many
cases, PLWH/AIDS are being neglected, even thrown out of their homes. • In working places the same treatment is happening and PLWH/AIDS lose their jobs. • Their friends gradually stop communication with them. • Generally, there is high isolation, condemnation, humiliation and harassment and finally PLWH/AIDS lose their hope and may start to hide themselves from the society. • People living with HIV/AIDS can live a normal life among their families and society as long as they control themselves from unsafe sexual activities. • The community should demonstrate care and support by showing them love and • There is no reason to be afraid of a person who has HIV/AIDS. These people need and deserve care and attention so they can continue to contribute to the lives of their family and society for as long as possible. • People with HIV/AIDS must be treated with kindness and respect. Episode # ____21____ Topic: HIV/AIDS: Socio-Economic Problems of HIV/AIDS
# _____8___ of _8__ for the HIV/AIDS topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW: The
Share their knowledge of socio-economic problems of HIV/AIDS with their families, friends Determine to protect themselves and their loved ones from HIV/AIDS infection ATTITUDE: They will feel the urgency of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and feel compelled to protect themselves and their loved ones from HIV/AIDS
Purpose: the purposes of this episode are:
To explain to the audience socio-economic problems of HIV/AIDS.
To motivate the audience to take the necessary steps to protect themselves and those they
love from HIV/AIDS.
Content:
• Most people in Ethiopia know about HIV/AIDS and that it is a deadly disease. But
not many people are aware of the truly devastating effects that HIV/AIDS is having on families and on the nation as a whole. • HIV/AIDS attacks mostly those who are in the15-49 age group. This age group contains the most productive members of the working and professional community, so the sad fact is that HIV/AIDS, while taking away precious individual lives, is also having a devastating effect on the productive forces of our society. • There are so many people dying from HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia that—as well as having a tragic effect on families—HIV/AIDS is also having a serious negative effect on the work force. As the death rate increases – especially among people aged 15-35, there will be fewer and fewer professional people and trained workers available to fill important jobs. In a very short time, this will greatly harm or even destroy the economic stability of the country. • If one or both parents in a family are dead, the family will be disintegrated. Thus the number of orphans in the country will increase and there will be a greatly increased burden on old people who will have to care for these orphans. • As the number of HIV/AIDS victims increases, many of the country’s hospital beds will be occupied by AIDS patients. Thus the overall budget for health services will be diverted to HIV/AIDS patient, and facilities for people with other health problems will be greatly reduced. • In our country, elders are mostly supported by their children. If their children die by • When we consider the tragic ending of so many lives and the devastation of so many families in Ethiopia, we must also recognize the negative socio-economic effects that HIV/AIDS is having on the whole nation. It is up to all of us to recognize the seriousness of the disease and take all the steps we can to protect ourselves and those we love from being infected. • At the same time, we must know that those who are already infected need and deserve our love and care so that they may live as peacefully and productively as they can, even with the disease. Episode # ___22____ Topic: Family Planning: Rumors and myths about
contraceptive Methods
# ___12___ of
for the FP topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
That wise people look for facts rather than believing myths and rumors That there are many myths and rumors about modern contraceptives Share their factual knowledge about modern contraceptives with their acquaintances ATTITUDE: Feel confident that they know or know where to find the facts about
Purposes:
To educate the audience about the importance of finding facts rather than listening to
rumors and myths.
To motivate them to find the facts about and practice modern contraceptive methods.
Content
• Wise people always seeks facts rather than listening to myths and rumors. • People who do not understand the value of modern contraceptive methods and how they work often try to scare other people away from them by spreading myths and rumors about the methods • All misconceptions, myths and rumors can be cleared up by getting advice from an authority on family planning such as a trained health worker. • Some of the most common myths and misconceptions about modern contraceptive methods are: - that the oral contraceptive pills accumulate in the woman’s stomach and cause - that the IUCD can migrate to the woman’s brain - that injectables make a woman infertile - that vasectomy is like castration and causes loss of virility in the man These misconceptions are all entirely FALSE. The truth is - The oral contraceptive pill is just like any other pill. It is absorbed by the body just like any other pill and cannot possibly accumulate or get stuck anywhere in the body. - The IUCD is put into the woman’s uterus by a trained medical doctor or nurse. It cannot possible move to the woman’s brain because there is no connection whatever inside the body between the uterus and the brain. Those who are confused about this should ask the health worker to show them diagrams of the inside of a woman’s body so that they can see how impossible it is for anything to move from the uterus to the brain. - Injectables do not cause infertility. Sometimes it may take 6 – 9 months after stopping the injectable for a woman to become pregnant but this is perfectly normal. The hormones in the woman’s body need time to strengthen again and this might take some months. Millions of women around the world have become pregnant when they wanted to—even after using injectables for many years. - Vasectomy does not cause loss of virility. If anything it increases virility because the man is no longer afraid of unwanted pregnancy. The only thing that vasectomy does is to make it impossible for the man to pass sperm into the woman’s body. Everything else about his sexual strength and activity remains exactly the same. • Knowing the facts can save a lot of confusion and concern. Avoid myths and misconceptions and get the facts about modern contraceptive from trained, knowledgeable health workers. Episode # __23___ Topic Family Planning: VASECTOMY*
# ___13___ of _15__ for the FP topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
That Vasectomy* is an effective form of family planning for couples who are convinced that they want no more children at any time in the future. How vasectomy* is done That vasectomy is undertaken by the man, and that the man will suffer no ill effects from vasectomy* Consider using Vasectomy* when they are ready to have no more children at any time in the future Share correct knowledge about Vasectomy* with peers and friends Seek factual information about Vasectomy* instead of listening to rumors ATTITUDE: Feel convinced that vasectomy* is a safe and advantageous family planning method for couples who are sure they want no more children at any time in the future Feel confident to use vasectomy* when appropriate
Purpose: the purposes of this episode are:
To educate the audience about vasectomy*, what it is and its advantages.
To encourage men to undertake vasectomy* when they and their spouses are sure that
they want no more children at any time in the future.
Content:
• Modern men and women know that it is important to limit the number of children
they have, even if they have all girl children. • When the couple has the number of children they want, they might choose to use a modern contraceptive method that protects them from having any more children. There are two permanent contraceptive methods: one that can be used by men and one that can be used by women. The permanent contraceptive method for men is called VASECTOMY*. • VASECTOMY* involves a very simple surgical operation which is done by a trained doctor. During this operation, the tubes that carry the sperm are cut and tied. This means that sperm cannot get into the woman’s body during sex, and she cannot get pregnant. • Vasectomy* is a much simpler operation than tubal ligation*, which is the permanent method for women. After the operation, the man remains as physically strong and sexually strong as ever. His life is greatly improved, because he no longer has the fear of unwanted pregnancies. Millions of men all around the world have had vasectomies and all indicate that their lives have been improved as a result. Women should encourage their men to have vasectomies when they have enough children, because it is a simple operation that is very successful. Episode # ___24____ Topic Family Planning: TUBAL LIGATION*
# __14___ of ____15____ for this topic

Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
That tubal ligation* is an effective modern planning method for couples who are sure that they want no more children at any time in the future How tubal ligation* is done The advantages of tubal ligation* Consider using tubal ligation* when they are quite sure that they want no more children at any time in the future Share information about tubal ligation* with peers and friends ATTITUDE: Feel convinced that limiting the size of the family is advantageous and feel confident to consider using tubal ligation* when they are quite sure that they want no more children at any time in the future
Purposes:
To educate the audience about what tubal ligation* is and how it is performed.
To encourage the audience to appreciate the importance of a small family and to consider
using tubal ligation* as a method of limiting family size.
Content
• Modern men and women know that it is important to limit the number of children they have. It is strongly recommended that each couple have no more than 4 children, even if they are all boys or all girls. • When a couple has the number of children they want, they might choose to use a modern contraceptive method that protects them from having any more children. There are two permanent contraceptive methods: one that can be used by men and one that can be used by women. The permanent contraceptive method for women is called TUBAL LIGATION*. • TUBAL LIGATION* requires surgery by a doctor. The surgery is quite simple and straightforward and the woman will be able to resume her work within a week or so. • During the surgery, the doctor will cut the tubes that carry the woman’s egg from the ovary to the uterus. This cutting makes it impossible for the egg to reach the uterus so that it is impossible for the woman to become pregnant. • The operation for tubal ligation* is more complicated than the operation for vasectomy*, so, whenever possible, it is better for the man to have vasectomy* than for the woman to have tubal ligation*. Episode # __25___ Topic
Family Planning: Benefits of Family Planning for
Individuals Family and Nation
# ___15_ of 15 for this topic
Measurable Objectives: After this episode, the audience will
KNOW:
The benefits of family planning for couples, families and the nation Share with others their knowledge of the benefits of family planning Plan to learn about and use modern contraceptive methods to space children and limit family size ATTITUDE: Appreciate the necessity for avoiding unwanted pregnancy and limiting family size in order to improve quality of life and feel confident that using modern contraceptives is the right way to go
Purposes:
To explain the benefits of modern family planning for families and the nation.
To encourage the audience to seek advice and counseling from health providers.
To encourage the audience to use modern contraceptives.
Content
• All married couples should understand that unwanted pregnancy can happen to anyone unless appropriate action is taken to prevent it. • The most reliable way to prevent unwanted pregnancy and to space and limit the number of children a couple has is by using a reliable modern contraceptive method. • Having more children than desired can put stress on a family and results in poor health—especially for the woman, and poor quality of life. • Large families put a strain on national as well as personal resources. If the current rate of population growth continues, the future will be bad for everyone. • Modern couples should learn how to prevent unwanted pregnancy, decide to have a small family, and find out about modern family planning methods that allow them to control the spacing of their children and the size of their family. • Couples should seek advice and counseling from a trained health provider on the best method of family planning for their needs. • By limiting the size of their families, couples can ensure a better quality of life for themselves and their children. Quality of life includes: - more leisure time for women as well as men more individual attention for each child Episode # 26 TOPIC: Story conclusion
This episode will be used to round out and complete the story.
Glossary words/definitions:
Antibody
Proteins produced by the body’s immune system. Antibodies get rid of invading foreign particles by identifying them for destruction. Our body produces specific antibodies to specific types of bacteria, virus, or other foreign invader. The opening or neck of uterus at the top of vagina. Brand name for one type of injectable contraceptive Chemical messengers carried in the blood. Loss of soil productivity because of erosion, overgrazing and over farming A cell that detects the invasion of foreign objects and mobilizes the body’s defenses to destroy and remove the invader. Rapid population growth, which is not good for economic growth of the country. When a woman’s ovary releases an egg once a month. Tablet taken by woman to prevent pregnancy. Population increment Difference between birth and death rate. T4 Cells A type of lymphocyte, that plays a key role in identifying a intruder/invader for destruction and removal. A voluntary surgical contraceptive method for women. It is permanent. After this operation a woman cannot have any more children. A small incision is made and the tubes that carry the woman’s eggs from the ovaries to her uterus are cut and tied. In this way no eggs can meet and unite with the male sperm and the woman cannot become pregnant. The voluntary surgical contraceptive method for men. It is permanent and becomes effective a short time after the surgery. After vasectomy a man can have no more children. A small incision is made each side of the man’s scrotum. Through this incision, the small tubes which carry the sperm are cut and tied. In this way the sperm cannot reach the egg and the woman cannot become pregnant. A small fragment of single stranded DNA covered by protein coat which often causes disease in humans

Source: http://www.anthonyroberto.com/eppm/hacr/Journey_of_Life_Final_Outline.pdf