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QuickViewTM Urine Adulteration Test Strip
For in vitro use only. Read all instructions, precautions, and chlorochromate to form a blue color complex. Other colors limitations before performing this test. may indicate the presence of other oxidants. pH: Testing for the presence of acidic or alkaline adulterant.
INTENDED USE
This test is based on the well-known double pH indicator QuickView Urine Adulteration Test Strip is a fast dip-and-read method that gives distinguishable colors over wide pH range. test for the determination of diluted or adulterated urine The colors range from orange (low pH) to yellow and green to specimens. It is an important pre-screening test for any Specific Gravity: Testing for sample dilution. This test is
based on the apparent pKa change of certain pretreated SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION
polyelectrolytes in relation to the ionic concentration. In the QuickView Urine Adulteration Test Strip is a firm plastic strips presence of an indicator, the colors range from dark blue or to which seven different reagent areas are affixed. QuickView blue-green in urine of low ionic concentration to green and Urine Adulteration Test Strip test strip is ready-to-use and yellow in urine of higher ionic concentration. disposable. No equipment is required for its use. Only fresh Bleach: Testing for the presence of bleach in urine. In this test,
and uncentrifuged urine samples without preservatives are to the presence of bleach forms a blue-green color complex. Pyridium Chlorochromate: Testing for the presence of
chromate in urine. In this test, the presence of chromate forms a QuickView Urine Adulteration Test Strip provides tests for Creatinine, Nitrite, pH, Specific Gravity, Glutaraldehyde, Oxidants, and Pyridium Chlorochromate in urine. Test results may be useful for assessing the integrity of the urine sample 1. Store at room temperature between 4 oC – 30 oC. prior to Drugs-of-Abuse testing; for example, whether the 2. All test strips should be stored in the original container. sample is possibly diluted with water or other liquids as indicated by the creatinine and specific gravity tests. QuickView Urine Adulteration Test Strip detects whether the 4. Remove only as many strips required for testing and sample contains commercially available adulterants including immediately recap the container tightly. nitrite, glutaraldehyde, bleach, pyridinium chlorochromate and other oxidizing agents. QuickView Urine Adulteration Test Strip can also assess whether the sample is possibly PRECAUTIONS
contaminated by acidic (vinegar) or basic (ammonia solution) adulterants as indicated by the pH test. SPECIMEN COLLECTION
1. Collect urine in a clean glass or plastic container.
TEST PRINCIPLE
2. Test urine sample as soon as possible after collection. In general, all seven tests are based on the chemical reactions of Refrigerate urine sample immediately if the sample cannot the indicator reagents on the pads with components in the urine be tested within one hour. Bring refrigerated sample to sample effecting color changes. Results are obtained by room temperature and mix thoroughly before testing. comparing the color on each of the test pads with the 3. Do not centrifuge or add preservatives to the urine sample. corresponding pad on the container color chart label. 4. Handle the urine sample as if it is potentially infectious. 5. Aliquot a small portion of the urine sample into another Creatinine: Testing for sample dilution. In this assay,
container for testing in order to avoid contamination of the creatinine reacts with a creatinine indicator in an alkaline whole urine sample. Do not dip QuickView Urine condition to form a purplish-brown color complex. The Adulteration Test Strip directly into the primary collection concentration of creatinine is directly proportional to the color Glutaraldehyde: Testing for the presence of exogenous
PROCEDURE
aldehyde. In this assay, the aldehyde group on the 1. Remove from the bottle only enough strips for immediate glutaraldehyde reacts with an indicator to form a pink/purple 2. Completely immerse reagent areas of the strip in fresh, Nitrite: Testing for the presence of exogenous nitrite. Nitrite
well-mixed urine. Remove the strip immediately to avoid reacts with an aromatic amine to form a diazonium compound in an acid medium. The diazonium compound in turn couples 3. While removing, touch the side of the strip against the rim with an indicator to produce a pink-red/purple color. of the urine container to remove excess urine. Blot the Oxidants: Testing for presence of oxidizing reagents. In this
lengthwise edge of the strip on an absorbent paper towel to reaction, a color indicator reacts with oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, ferricyanide, persulfate, or pyridinium DCR 09-076 76002 further remove excess urine and avoid running over Nitrite: Although nitrite is not a normal component of urine,
(contamination from adjacent reagent pads.) nitrite levels of up to 3.6 mg/dl may be found in some urine 4. Compare each reagent area to its corresponding color specimens due to urinary tract infections, bacterial blocks on the color chart and read at the times specified. contamination or improper storage. In the QuickView Urine Proper read time is critical for optimal results. Adulteration Test Strip, nitrite level above 7.5 mg/dl is 5. Obtain results by direct color chart comparison. Oxidants: The presence of oxidizing reagents in the urine is
indicative of adulteration since oxidizing reagents are not normal constituents of urine. Oxidizing reagents include Hydrogen Peroxide, Ferricyanide, Persulfate, Pyridinium pH: Normal urine pH ranges from 4.5 to 8.0. Values below pH
4.0 or above pH 9.0 are indicative of adulteration. Specific Gravity: Random urine may vary in specific gravity
from 1.003 - 1.030. Normal adults with normal diets and Note: All reagent areas may be read between 1 - 2 minutes for normal fluid intake will have an average urine specific gravity screening positive urine from negative urine. Changes in color of 1.016 - 1.0227. Elevated urine specific gravity value may be after 2 minutes are of no diagnostic value. obtained in the presence of moderate quantities of protein. DOT guidelines1 state that a urine specimen with specific INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
gravity level of less than 1.003 is an indication of adulteration. Semi-quantitative results are obtained by visually comparing Specific gravity and creatinine values should be considered the color of each pad with the corresponding test color block together to provide a better picture of whether the sample is pictured on the container label. No equipment is required. Pyridium Chlorochromate: The presence of any chromate in
QUALITY CONTROL
urine is indicative of adulteration as chromate is not a normal For best results, performance of reagent strips should be confirmed by testing known negative and positive specimens or controls whenever a new test is performed or whenever a new REFERENCES
bottle is first opened. Each laboratory should establish its own 1. U.S. Department of Transportation, Drug Testing goals for adequate standard of performance, and should question handling and testing procedures if these standards are 2. Young, D.S.et al, Clinical Chemistry, 21 (9), 19Urine 3. Friedman, R.B. et.al. Clinical Chemistry: 26 (4), 1980. LIMITATIONS
4. Tietz, N.W. Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, Third Comparison to the color chart is dependent on the interpretation Edition, W.B. Saunders Company, p566, 1995. of the individual. It is therefore, recommended that all 5. Chu, S.Y. and Sparks. Clinical Chemistry, 1Urine laboratory personnel interpreting the results of these strips be tested for color blindness. As with all laboratory tests, 6. Tingsrud, K.M. and Linne, J.J., Urinalysis and body Fluids definitive diagnostic or therapeutic decisions should not be A color Test and Atlas, Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1995. based on any single test result or method. 7. Henry, J.B. et al.: Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 16th Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; Some compounds or physical properties that may affect the test result are listed below. Medications that discolor the urine may also cause abnormal results due to masking of the reactions of the reagents on the test pads. EXPECTED VALUES
Creatinine: Daily creatinine excretion, related to muscle mass
of the human body, is usually constant6. The DOT guideline1 states that urine specimens with creatinine levels of less than 20 mg/dl are indications of adulteration. Although these ranges are affected by age, sex, diet, muscle mass and local population distribution2, sample with creatinine level of lower than 20 Glutaraldehyde: Glutaraldehyde is not a natural component
of human urine and it should not be present in normal urine. The presence of glutaraldehyde in the urine sample indicates the possibility of adulteration. However, false positive may result when ketone bodies are presence in urine. Ketone bodies may appear in urine when a person is in ketoacidosis, starvation or other metabolic abnormalities.

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