Foix Hospital, Paris, France; the 4Department of
Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris(AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix Hospital
exenatide (Byetta; Eli Lilly) 15 min before
Hospital, Paris, France; 5Université Pierre et
Marie Curie - Paris 6, UMR S 872, Les Cordeliers,
Paris, France; 6INSERM, U872, Paris, France;
INSERM, Clinical Investigation Center Paris-
EST (CIC 9304), Paris, France; and 8Biologie
Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Centre National de
la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Diderot -
fasting: 0.3 to 1.4 nmol/L). Under sulfo-
2012 by the American Diabetes Association.
Readers may use this article as long as the work is
nmol/L), leading only in this patient to a
properly cited, the use is educational and not for
ABCC8/SUR1-activating mutations moderatedecreaseofglycemiclevel.Sur- profit,andtheworkisnotaltered.Seehttp://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for
versely after injection of 10 mg exenatide,
(2,3). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) en-
hances insulin secretion by activating di-
level at T120 (1.7, 1.5, and 2.8 nmol/L),
grant from Eli Lilly. No other potential con-
flicts of interest relevant to this article were
aimed at exploring if the GLP-1 effect is
retained when b-cell dysfunction is related
O.B. and C.B.-C. researched data, contrib-
cemic level decreased to a minimal level at
uted to discussion, and reviewed the manu-
script. F.C. researched data and wrote the
after approbation by the local ethics com-
manuscript. M.H., C.S.-M., A.A., and B.C.
mittee. Patient 1 (38 years old, BMI 21 kg/m2,
researched data. C.M. reviewed the manuscript. J.M.L. and A.H. researched data, contrib-
script. A.H. is the guarantor of this work
ages 15 and 17 years as having type 1 di-
level as described in type 2 diabetes (5).
and, as such, had full access to all the data in
abetes and treated with insulin for years,
This suggests that GLP-1 can facilitate the
the study and takes responsibility for the
integrity of the data and the accuracy of the
(c.1303T.C [p.Cys435Arg] and c.4139G.
a relative developed transient neonatal di-
abetes. They are now treated with glyburide.
sion. We suggest that patients with ABCC8
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
1. Babenko AP, Polak M, Cavé H, et al. Acti-
agnosed as having type 2 diabetes at age 24
could benefit from GLP-1 receptor agonist
treatment, at least if they have some resid-
sister and is now treated with metformin,
2. Flanagan SE, Patch AM, Mackay DJ, et al.
conditions. For the “no treatment condi-
tion,” usual hypoglycemic treatment was
3. Rafiq M, Flanagan SE, Patch AM, Shields
BM, Ellard S, Hattersley AT; Neonatal Di-
infusion (Lispro insulin; Eli Lilly, India-
abetes International Collaborative Group.
Effective treatment with oral sulfonylureas
napolis, IN), which was stopped 4 h before
in patients with diabetes due to sulfonyl-
OGTT. For the “sulfonylurea condition,”
urea receptor 1 (SUR1) mutations. Diabetes
patients were taking their usual sulfonyl-
urea treatment, and patient 3 stopped met-
4. Doyle ME, Egan JM. Mechanisms of action
formin and exenatide for 2 days. Patients
From the 1Department of Endocrinology, Nutri-
of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the pancreas.
tion and Diabetes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux
de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix
5. Cervera A, Wajcberg E, Sriwijitkamol A,
min before OGTT. For the “exenatide con-
Hospital, Paris, France; the 2Medicine Faculty,
et al. Mechanism of action of exenatide to
Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris,France; the 3Department of Endocrine and On-
reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in type
cological Biochemistry, Assistance Publique-
2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles
Vital Signs: Teen Pregnancy — United States, 1991–2009 On April 5, this report was posted as an MMWR Early Release on the MMWR website (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr). ABSTRACT Background: In 2009, approximately 410,000 teens aged 15–19 years gave birth in the United States, and the teen birth rate remains higher than in other developed countries. Methods: To describe U.S. tren
Towards a Theory of Open Innovation: Three Core Process Archetypes Oliver Gassmann*, Ellen Enkel* *Institute of Technology Management, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland Open Innovation is a phenomenon that has become increasingly important for both practice and theory over the last few years. The reasons are to be found in shorter innovation cycles, industrial research and develo